True or False in the Twentieth Century the Us Was Essential to Shaping the Arts Worldwide

Artistic works produced during the menses extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s

Mod art includes artistic work produced during the catamenia extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era.^[1] The term is normally associated with fine art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown bated in a spirit of experimentation.^[2] Modern artists experimented with new means of seeing and with fresh ideas virtually the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency abroad from the narrative, which was feature for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More than contempo artistic production is often called contemporary fine art or postmodern art.

Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of mod fine art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubists Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse'due south ii versions of The Trip the light fantastic signified a primal bespeak in his career and in the development of modernistic painting.^[iii] It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with archaic art: the intense warm colour of the figures against the cool bluish-greenish groundwork and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism.

At the beginning of 20th-century Western painting, and initially influenced past Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first Cubist paintings based on Cézanne'south idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and archaic brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Picasso and Georges Braque, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed past Constructed cubism, proficient by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large diverseness of merged subject matter.^[iv] ^[5]

The notion of mod art is closely related to modernism.^[a]

History [edit]

Roots in the 19th century [edit]

Although modern sculpture and architecture are reckoned to accept emerged at the end of the 19th century, the ancestry of modern painting can be located earlier.^[7] The date perchance most commonly identified every bit marking the birth of modern art is 1863,^[7] the twelvemonth that Édouard Manet showed his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. Earlier dates have also been proposed, among them 1855 (the year Gustave Courbet exhibited The Artist's Studio) and 1784 (the year Jacques-Louis David completed his painting The Oath of the Horatii).^[vii] In the words of fine art historian H. Harvard Arnason: "Each of these dates has significance for the evolution of modernistic fine art, only none categorically marks a completely new beginning .... A gradual metamorphosis took identify in the course of a hundred years."^[7]

The strands of idea that eventually led to mod fine art can be traced back to the Enlightenment.^[b] The important modern art critic Clement Greenberg, for instance, called Immanuel Kant "the starting time existent Modernist" merely as well drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from the exterior ... . Modernism criticizes from the inside."^[nine] The French Revolution of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accepted with little question and accepted the public to vigorous political and social debate. This gave rise to what art historian Ernst Gombrich called a "self-consciousness that made people select the mode of their building every bit ane selects the pattern of a wallpaper."^[10]

The pioneers of modern art were Romantics, Realists and Impressionists.^[11] ^{[ failed verification ]} Past the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to sally: post-Impressionism and Symbolism.

Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, specially Japanese printmaking, to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet. The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor.^[12] The well-nigh successful painters of the twenty-four hours worked either through commissions or through large public exhibitions of their own work. At that place were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.

The Impressionists argued that people do non run across objects but just the lite which they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural low-cal (en plein air) rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work.^[13] Impressionist artists formed a grouping, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Clan of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions.^[14] The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that information technology was a "motion". These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the fine art, establishment of a move or visible active core of support, and international adoption—would exist repeated by creative movements in the Mod period in art.

Early 20th century [edit]

Among the movements which flowered in the get-go decade of the 20th century were Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, and Futurism.

During the years between 1910 and the cease of World War I and after the heyday of cubism, several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known equally Alberto Savinio). Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade, a member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Cocky-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d'Automne, and his work was noticed past Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, and several others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to the early on beginnings of Surrealism. Song of Honey (1914) is one of the about famous works by de Chirico and is an early on case of the surrealist style, though information technology was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" past André Breton in 1924.

World War I brought an end to this phase but indicated the showtime of a number of anti-fine art movements, such as Dada, including the work of Marcel Duchamp, and of Surrealism. Artist groups similar de Stijl and Bauhaus developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, compages, design, and art instruction.

Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Evidence in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.Southward. during Globe War I.

Later Globe State of war II [edit]

It was only after World War II, however, that the U.Southward. became the focal point of new artistic movements.^[15] The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstruse Expressionism, Color field painting, Conceptual artists of Fine art & Language, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge painting, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction, Fluxus, Happening, Video art, Postminimalism, Photorealism and diverse other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance art, Conceptual fine art, and other new art forms had attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media.^[16] Larger installations and performances became widespread.

By the cease of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 past Douglas Crimp), new media fine art had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such every bit video art.^[17] Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionism and the revival of figurative painting.^[18]

Towards the end of the 20th century, a number of artists and architects started questioning the thought of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works.^[19]

Art movements and artist groups [edit]

(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)

19th century [edit]

Romanticism and the Romantic movement – Francisco de Goya, J. M. W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix
Realism – Gustave Courbet, Camille Corot, Jean-François Millet, Rosa Bonheur
Pre-Raphaelites – William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Macchiaioli – Giovanni Fattori, Silvestro Lega, Telemaco Signorini
Impressionism – Frédéric Bazille, Gustave Caillebotte, Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Armand Guillaumin, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley
Post-impressionism – Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri Rousseau, Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin, Albert Lebourg, Robert Antoine Pinchon
Pointillism – Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, Maximilien Luce, Henri-Edmond Cross
Divisionism – Gaetano Previati, Giovanni Segantini, Pellizza da Volpedo
Symbolism – Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Edvard Munch, James Whistler, James Ensor
Les Nabis – Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard, Félix Vallotton, Maurice Denis, Paul Sérusier
Art Nouveau and variants – Jugendstil, Secession, Modern Style, Modernisme – Aubrey Beardsley, Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt,
Art Nouveau architecture and design – Antoni Gaudí, Otto Wagner, Wiener Werkstätte, Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos, Koloman Moser
Early on Modernist sculptors – Aristide Maillol, Auguste Rodin

Early 20th century (before Earth War I) [edit]

Abstract art – Francis Picabia, Wassily Kandinsky, František Kupka, Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, Léopold Survage, Piet Mondrian, Kazimir Malevich, Hilma af Klint
Fauvism – André Derain, Henri Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck, Georges Braque, Kees van Dongen
Expressionism and related – Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Emil Nolde, Axel Törneman, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Max Pechstein
Cubism – Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Francis Picabia, Juan Gris
Futurism – Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Gino Severini, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov
Orphism – Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, František Kupka
Suprematism – Kazimir Malevich, Alexander Rodchenko, El Lissitzky
Synchromism – Stanton Macdonald-Wright, Morgan Russell
Vorticism – Wyndham Lewis
Sculpture – Constantin Brâncuși, Joseph Csaky, Alexander Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Lipchitz, Ossip Zadkine, Henri Laurens, Elie Nadelman, Chaim Gross, Chana Orloff, Jacob Epstein, Gustave Miklos
Photography – Pictorialism, Straight photography

Earth War I to World War 2 [edit]

Dada – Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Francis Picabia, Kurt Schwitters
Surrealism – Marc Chagall, René Magritte, Jean Arp, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, André Masson, Joan Miró
Expressionism and related: Chaim Soutine, Abraham Mintchine
Pittura Metafisica – Giorgio de Chirico, Carlo Carrà, Giorgio Morandi
De Stijl – Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian
New Objectivity – Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz
Figurative painting – Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard
American Modernism – Stuart Davis, Arthur G. Dove, Marsden Hartley, Georgia O'Keeffe
Constructivism – Naum Gabo, Gustav Klutsis, László Moholy-Nagy, El Lissitzky, Kasimir Malevich, Vadim Meller, Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Tatlin
Bauhaus – Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Josef Albers
Scottish Colourists – Francis Cadell, Samuel Peploe, Leslie Hunter, John Duncan Fergusson
Social realism – Grant Wood, Walker Evans, Diego Rivera
Precisionism – Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth
Boychukism - Mykhailo Boychuk, Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk, Ivan Padalka, Vasily Sedlyar
Sculpture – Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Gaston Lachaise, Henry Moore, Pablo Picasso, Julio Gonzalez

After Earth War Ii [edit]

Figuratifs – Bernard Cafe, Jean Carzou, Maurice Boitel, Daniel du Janerand, Claude-Max Lochu
Sculpture – Henry Moore, David Smith, Tony Smith, Alexander Calder, Isamu Noguchi,^[xx] Alberto Giacometti, Sir Anthony Caro, Jean Dubuffet, Isaac Witkin, René Iché, Marino Marini, Louise Nevelson, Albert Vrana
Abstract expressionism – Joan Mitchell, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell, Clyfford However, Lee Krasner,
American Abstract Artists – Ilya Bolotowsky, Ibram Lassaw, Advert Reinhardt, Josef Albers, Burgoyne Diller
Art Brut – Adolf Wölfli, August Natterer, Ferdinand Cheval, Madge Gill
Arte Povera – Jannis Kounellis, Luciano Fabro, Mario Merz, Piero Manzoni, Alighiero Boetti
Colour field painting – Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, Adolph Gottlieb, Sam Francis, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, Helen Frankenthaler
Tachisme – Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Soulages, Hans Hartung, Ludwig Merwart
COBRA – Pierre Alechinsky, Karel Appel, Asger Jorn
Conceptual art – Art & Language, Dan Graham, Lawrence Weiner, Bruce Nauman, Daniel Buren, Victor Burgin, Sol LeWitt
De-collage – Wolf Vostell, Mimmo Rotella
Neo-Dada – Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, John Chamberlain, Joseph Beuys, Lee Bontecou, Edward Kienholz
Figurative Expressionism – Larry Rivers, Grace Hartigan, Elaine de Kooning, Robert De Niro, Sr., Lester Johnson, George McNeil, Earle Thou. Pilgrim, Jan Müller, Robert Beauchamp, Bob Thompson
Feminist Art — Eva Hesse, Judy Chicago, Barbara Kruger, Mary Beth Edelson, Ewa Partum, Valie Export, Yoko Ono, Louise Bourgeois, Cindy Sherman, Kiki Smith, Guerrilla Girls, Hannah Wilke
Fluxus – George Maciunas, Joseph Beuys, Wolf Vostell, Nam June Paik, Daniel Spoerri, Dieter Roth, Carolee Schneeman, Alison Knowles, Charlotte Moorman, Dick Higgins
Happening – Allan Kaprow, Joseph Beuys, Wolf Vostell, Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine, Carmine Grooms, Nam June Paik, Charlotte Moorman, Robert Whitman, Yoko Ono
Dau-al-Gear up – founded in Barcelona by poet/artist Joan Brossa, – Antoni Tàpies
Grupo El Paso [es; ca; pl] – founded in Madrid by artists Antonio Saura, Pablo Serrano
Geometric abstraction – Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Nadir Afonso, Manlio Rho, Mario Radice, Mino Argento, Adam Szentpétery
Difficult-edge painting – John McLaughlin, Ellsworth Kelly, Frank Stella, Al Held, Ronald Davis
Kinetic art – George Rickey, Getulio Alviani
Land art – Ana Mendieta, Christo, Richard Long, Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer
Les Automatistes – Claude Gauvreau, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Pierre Gauvreau, Fernand Leduc, Jean-Paul Mousseau, Marcelle Ferron
Minimal art – Sol LeWitt, Donald Judd, Dan Flavin, Richard Serra, Agnes Martin
Postminimalism – Eva Hesse, Bruce Nauman, Lynda Benglis
Lyrical brainchild – Ronnie Landfield, Sam Gilliam, Larry Zox, Dan Christensen, Natvar Bhavsar, Larry Poons
Neo-figurative art – Fernando Botero, Antonio Berni
Neo-expressionism – Georg Baselitz, Anselm Kiefer, Jörg Immendorff, Jean-Michel Basquiat
Transavanguardia – Francesco Clemente, Mimmo Paladino, Sandro Chia, Enzo Cucchi
Figuration libre – Hervé Di Rosa, François Boisrond, Robert Combas
New realism – Yves Klein, Pierre Restany, Arman
Op art – Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Jeffrey Steele
Outsider art – Howard Finster, Grandma Moses, Bob Justin
Photorealism – Audrey Flack, Chuck Shut, Duane Hanson, Richard Estes, Malcolm Morley
Pop art – Richard Hamilton, Robert Indiana, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Ed Ruscha, David Hockney
Postwar European figurative painting – Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Gerhard Richter
New European Painting – Luc Tuymans, Marlene Dumas, Neo Rauch, Bracha Ettinger, Michaël Borremans, Chris Ofili
Shaped sail – Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Ron Davis, Robert Mangold.
Soviet art – Aleksandr Deyneka, Aleksandr Gerasimov, Ilya Kabakov, Komar & Melamid, Alexandr Zhdanov, Leonid Sokov
Spatialism – Lucio Fontana
Video fine art – Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, Joseph Beuys, Bill Viola, Hans Breder
Visionary art – Ernst Fuchs, Paul Laffoley, Michael Bowen

Notable modernistic art exhibitions and museums [edit]

Republic of austria [edit]

Leopold Museum, Vienna

Kingdom of belgium [edit]

SMAK, Ghent

Brazil [edit]

MASP, São Paulo, SP
MAM/SP, São Paulo, SP
MAM/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
MAM/BA, Salvador, Bahia

Republic of colombia [edit]

Bogotá Museum of Modern Fine art (MAMBO)

Croatia [edit]

Ivan Meštrović Gallery, Split
Mod Gallery, Zagreb
Museum of Contemporary Fine art, Zagreb

Republic of ecuador [edit]

Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo, Guayaquil
La Capilla del Hombre, Quito

Finland [edit]

EMMA, Espoo
Kiasma, Helsinki

France [edit]

Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Gimmicky Art, Montsoreau
Lille Métropole Museum of Mod, Contemporary and Outsider Art, Villeneuve d'Ascq
Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Musée d'Fine art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris
Musée National d'Fine art Moderne, Paris
Musée Picasso, Paris
Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Strasbourg
Musée d'fine art moderne de Troyes

Federal republic of germany [edit]

documenta, Kassel, an exhibition of modern and contemporary art held every 5 years
Museum Ludwig, Cologne
Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich

India [edit]

Eye of International Modern Art [Wikidata] (CIMA),^[21] Kolkata
National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai
National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore

Iran [edit]

Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran

Ireland [edit]

Hugh Lane Gallery, Dublin
Irish Museum of Modernistic Art, Dublin

State of israel [edit]

Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Italy [edit]

Palazzo delle Esposizioni
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Venice Biennial, Venice
Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Museo del Novecento, Milan

United mexican states [edit]

Museo de Arte Moderno, México D.F.

Netherlands [edit]

Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

Norway [edit]

Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo
Henie-Onstad Fine art Middle, Oslo

Poland [edit]

Museum of Art, Łódź
National Museum, Kraków

Qatar [edit]

Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Doha

Romania [edit]

National Museum of Contemporary Art, Bucharest

Russian federation [edit]

Hermitage Museum, Leningrad
Pushkin Museum, Moscow
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Serbia [edit]

Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade

Spain [edit]

Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Barcelona
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
Institut Valencià d'Art Modern, Valencia
Atlantic Center of Mod Art, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Museu Picasso, Barcelona.
Museo Picasso Málaga, Málaga.

Sweden [edit]

Moderna Museet, Stockholm

Taiwan [edit]

Asia Museum of Modern Art, Taichung

U.k. [edit]

Estorick Collection of Mod Italian Art, London
Saatchi Gallery, London
Tate Britain, London
Tate Liverpool
Tate Modern, London
Tate St Ives

Ukraine [edit]

National Fine art Museum of Ukraine, Kyiv
Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum of Lviv, Lviv

Usa [edit]

Albright-Knox Fine art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
Art Found of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Fine art Collection, Albany, New York
Guggenheim Museum, New York City, New York, and Venice, Italy ; more recently in Berlin, Germany, Bilbao, Espana, and Las Vegas, Nevada
High Museum, Atlanta, Georgia
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
McNay Fine art Museum, San Antonio, Texas
Menil Collection, Houston, Texas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts
Museum of Modern Fine art, New York Urban center, New York
San Francisco Museum of Mod Art, San Francisco, California
The Baker Museum, Naples, Florida
Walker Art Heart, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, New York

See as well [edit]

20th century fine art
20th-century Western painting
Art manifesto
Art movements
Art periods
Conceptual art
Contemporary art
Gesamtkunstwerk
History of painting
Listing of 20th-century women artists
Listing of mod artists
Mod architecture
Modernism
Postmodern fine art
Western painting

Notes [edit]

^ "One way of understanding the relation of the terms 'modernistic,' 'modernity,' and 'modernism' is that artful modernism is a form of art characteristic of high or actualized tardily modernity, that is, of that period in which social, economic, and cultural life in the widest sense [was] revolutionized past modernity ... [this means] that modernist art is scarcely thinkable exterior the context of the modernized society of the belatedly nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Social modernity is the habitation of modernist fine art, even where that fine art rebels against information technology." — Lawrence East. Cahoone^{[half dozen]}
^ "In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries momentum began to get together behind a new view of the world, which would eventually create a new world, the modern earth." — Lawrence E. Cahoone^[eight]

References [edit]

^ Atkins 1997, pp. 118–119.
^ Gombrich 1995, p. 557.
^ Clement 1996, p. 114.
^ Scobie 1988, pp. 103–107.
^ John-Steiner 2006, p. 69.
^ Cahoone 1996, p. xiii.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Arnason & Prather 1998, p. 17.
^ Cahoone 1996, p. 27.
^ Greenberg 1982, p. five.
^ Gombrich 1995, p. 477.
^ Arnason & Prather 1998, p. 22.
^ Corinth et al. 1996, p. 25.
^ Cogniat 1975, p. 61.
^ Cogniat 1975, pp. 43–49.
^ Saunders 2013.
^ Mullins 2006, p. 14.
^ Mullins 2006, p. nine.
^ Mullins 2006, pp. 14–15.
^ Jencks 1987, p.^{[ page needed ]}.
^ Lander 2006.
^ Times of India Travel 2015.

Sources [edit]

Arnason, H. Harvard; Prather, Marla (1998). History of modernistic fine art : painting, sculpture, architecture, photography (4th ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN978-0-8109-3439-9. OCLC 1035593323 – via Internet Archive.
Atkins, Robert (1997). Artspeak: A Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords (second ed.). New York: Abbeville Press Publishers. ISBN978-0-7892-0415-eight. OCLC 605278894 – via Internet Archive.
Cahoone, Lawrence (1996). From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology . Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN978-1-55786-602-8. OCLC 1149327777 – via Net Archive.
"CIMA Art Gallery". Times of India Travel. 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2021-06-12 .
Clement, Russell (1996). Four French Symbolists: A Sourcebook on Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Maurice Denis. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Printing. ISBN978-0-313-29752-6. OCLC 34191505.
Cogniat, Raymond (1975). Pissarro. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN978-0-517-52477-0. OCLC 2082821.
Corinth, Lovis; Schuster, Peter-Klaus; Vitali, Christoph; Butts, Barbara; Brauner, Lothar; Bärnreuther, Andrea (1996). Lovis Corinth. Munich; New York: Prestel. ISBN978-3-7913-1682-6. OCLC 35280519.
Greenberg, Clement (1982). "Modernist Painting". In Frascina, Francis; Harrison, Charles; Paul, Deirdre (eds.). Modernistic Art and Modernism: A Critical Anthology . In association with the Open University. London: Harper & Row. ISBN978-0-06-318234-9. OCLC 297414909 – via Internet Annal.
Gombrich, Ernst H. (1995). The Story of Fine art . London: Phaidon Printing Limited. ISBN978-0-7148-3355-2. OCLC 1151352542 – via Internet Archive.
Jencks, Charles (1987). Post-Modernism: The New Classicism in Art and Architecture . New York: Rizzoli. ISBN978-0-8478-0835-9. OCLC 1150952960 – via Inernet Annal.
John-Steiner, Vera (2006). "Patterns of Collaboration amidst Artists". Artistic Collaboration. Oxford University Press. pp. 63–96. doi:x.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307702.003.0004. ISBN978-0-19-530770-2. OCLC 5105130725, 252638637.
Lander, David (November–Dec 2006). "Fifties Furniture THE SIDE Tabular array AS SCULPTURE". Shopping. American Heritage. American Clan for Country and Local History. 57 (6). ISSN 2161-8496. OCLC 60622066. Archived from the original on 2007-x-20.
Mullins, Charlotte (2006). Painting people : effigy painting today. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Pubs. ISBN978-1-933045-38-two. OCLC 71679906.
Saunders, Frances Stonor (2013-06-14) [1995-x-22]. "Mod fine art was CIA 'weapon'". The Contained . Retrieved 2021-04-17 .
Scobie, Stephen (1988). "The Attraction of Multiplicity: Metaphor and Metonymy in Cubism and Gertrude Stein". In Neuman, S. C.; Nadel, Ira Bruce (eds.). Gertrude Stein and the Making of Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1007/978-one-349-08541-5_7. ISBN978-1-349-08543-nine. OCLC 7323640453 – via Internet Archive.

External links [edit]

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art